Songwriting, Part 25 – Hess songwriting training
I. Introduction
1. creativity is trainable (and must be trained separately)
the program argues that songwriting has two parts:
technical skills (structure, harmony, etc.)
creativity (idea generation, imagination)
most people ignore the second or treat it as random inspiration. that’s a mistake. creativity is something you actively train—like going to the gym.
2. the 4 “personas” (core concept)
every creative process has 4 distinct roles, and mixing them up causes writer’s block:
madman → generates ideas (no judgment, quantity only)
architect → organizes and selects ideas
carpenter → executes/records the plan
judge → evaluates and decides what to fix
key rule: only one persona at a time
most people fail because the judge interrupts too early and kills ideas
3. writer’s block = role confusion
this is one of the most practical insights:
if you’re stuck, you’re probably using the wrong mindset
especially: judging while trying to create
solution:
separate phases clearly and control when each persona is allowed
4. sensory writing (training creativity directly)
daily exercise (5–10 min):
write only sensory details (images, sounds, textures, etc.)
no opinions, no judgment
no need for it to “make sense”
purpose:
strengthens imagination
trains idea generation on command
builds raw material for songs
this is essentially “fueling the madman”
5. artistic songwriting vs random songwriting
two approaches:
“hail mary” → noodle first, assign meaning later (common, weak)
“artistic writing” → decide emotion/idea first, then build music to express it (recommended)
key shift:
start with intention, not sound
6. “show, don’t tell”
instead of stating emotions directly:
use sensory details to imply them
this applies to both lyrics and instrumental music
process:
emotion → sensory imagery → musical decisions
7. the 7 elements of music (your control system)
everything in music expresses emotion through:
melody
harmony
rhythm
texture
timbre
dynamics
form
you intentionally choose each element to match your idea
8. dynamics = mindset, not just volume
important correction:
dynamics are not just loud/soft
they represent energy and intention
also:
there is no “neutral” dynamic (it sounds lifeless)
contrast creates emotional impact
9. rhythm of language influences music
language rhythm (stress patterns) shapes musical phrasing
“common metre” (4-3-4-3) appears everywhere in songs
stressed syllables = rhythmic accents
this helps with:
lyric writing
phrasing
melodic rhythm
10. tempo is physical (walking analogy)
tempo = how fast your body would move in that emotion
exercise:
feel emotion → walk → that speed = your tempo
this is a strong insight:
tempo directly affects emotional perception
11. form vs formula
most pop songs follow:
verse → chorus → verse → chorus → bridge → chorus
but:
this is a formula, not a rule
real goal = understanding form so you can break it intentionally
12. idea generation systems (not waiting for inspiration)
examples:
“idea collider” (combine random words to spark ideas)
dramatizing everyday events into emotional stories
core principle:
you don’t wait for ideas—you generate them
13. topic selection matters more than technique
big truth:
many musicians have skills but nothing to say
solution:
start with a clear emotional or conceptual goal
exaggerate and dramatize ideas to make them meaningful
14. architecture: connecting musical ideas
when combining sections:
analyze differences using the 7 elements
either:
adjust sections to match
or create a transition (bridge)
important insight:
transitions often become the best part of the song
15. big picture (what this is really teaching)
this isn’t just songwriting—it’s a system for thinking creatively:
separate creation from judgment
generate lots of raw material
organize intentionally
execute without overthinking
evaluate strategically
and repeat
II. Concepts & Processes
1. layering (building a track over time)
instruments enter and exit to create contrast
“reset moments” clear the listener’s ear between sections
parts combine gradually to build intensity
key idea:
arrangement = evolution over time, not everything at once
2. demos vs finished songs
early ideas are rough and incomplete
production adds layers (bass, vocals, etc.) that change the function of parts
what you wrote first might get removed later
key mindset:
write freely—refinement comes later
3. reuse and develop ideas
take one “seed” idea and transform it
familiarity increases listener engagement
repetition (like leitmotifs) strengthens identity
key idea:
don’t chase endless new ideas—develop the ones you have
4. variation is everything (especially melody)
instead of constant new material, you:
sequence (move idea up/down)
invert (flip direction)
reverse (retrograde)
change rhythm or phrasing
shift octave, dynamics, or accents
embellish or simplify
key idea:
great music = variation of simple ideas
5. harmonic function (basic movement)
tonic (I, VI, III) = stability
subdominant (IV, II) = movement
dominant (V, VII) = tension
progression = movement through these functions
retrogression = reversing expected direction
6. theme and variation (core compositional tool)
you can transform a melody by:
changing pitch but keeping rhythm
changing rhythm but keeping pitch
adding/removing notes
expanding or shortening phrases
reharmonizing
changing instrumentation
key idea:
everything can be transformed without losing identity
7. advanced development concepts
canon → overlapping versions of a melody
fugue → more complex multi-voice development
inversion → flipping intervals
motivic development → breaking ideas into smaller pieces
8. harmonizing melodies
parallel harmony (3rds, 6ths, etc.)
contrapuntal harmony (independent lines)
key distinction:
parallel = unified sound
counterpoint = independent voices
9. arranging for clarity
melody must always be heard clearly
adjust instrumentation to avoid masking
doubling (octaves, harmonies) can strengthen melody
example insight:
dense instruments (like guitars + strings) compete—so placement matters
10. orchestration principles
strings sit better higher with guitars
brass and woodwinds often work better lower
balance frequency space to avoid clutter
11. counterpoint basics
two melodic lines interact in 4 ways:
parallel (same interval)
similar (same direction, different interval)
oblique (one stays, one moves)
contrary (opposite directions)
goal:
make lines feel independent, not glued together
bottom line
part 2 shifts from ideas to craft:
build music through layers
develop ideas through variation
create movement through harmony
maintain clarity through arrangement
use structure and transformation to keep things interesting
and most importantly:
great music doesn’t come from more ideas—it comes from better development of fewer ideas
III. Rhythm
1. rhythm = emotional driver
rhythm isn’t just timing—it creates mood and motion
different rhythmic choices can feel:
dark
unstable
powerful
urgent
key idea:
rhythm directly shapes emotional perception
2. agogic stress (very important concept)
accents don’t have to be louder
they can come from duration (holding a note longer)
in other words:
what you don’t play next creates the accent
this creates subtle but powerful emphasis
3. off-beat emphasis (especially “and of 2”)
placing accents in unexpected spots creates tension and interest
common example: emphasizing weak parts of the bar
effect:
mystery
propulsion
instability
4. rhythmic grouping (hidden structure)
instead of thinking “1-2-3-4,” think in groupings like:
3 + 3 + 2
4 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 2
7 + 9
3 + 5
key idea:
listeners feel groupings, not just time signatures
5. asymmetry creates motion
uneven groupings push the music forward
phrases don’t have to resolve evenly
result:
momentum
unpredictability
emotional tension
6. rhythm across phrases (not just one bar)
patterns can extend over multiple bars
phrases can feel like:
7 + 9
or shifting accents across barlines
key idea:
real rhythm often ignores barlines
7. syncopation = emotional instability
delaying or anticipating beats creates:
tension
“dragging” or “floating” feel
emotional weight
example idea:
unstable rhythm = defeated or uneasy feeling
8. layered rhythm (different parts, different roles)
different instruments can imply different rhythmic groupings
creates complexity and depth
example:
bass and keyboard implying different patterns at once
9. shifting perception of the beat
same riff, different perceived downbeat
drummer or arrangement can redefine where “1” feels
key idea:
the beat is flexible—not fixed
10. starting points matter
starting phrases in unusual places (like the “e of 1”)
creates immediate forward motion
11. dividing space in non-standard ways
example:
taking 16 subdivisions and grouping them into 5+5+5+1 (or similar)
this creates:
tension
complexity
uniqueness
12. rhythm as composition tool (not just feel)
most songwriters:
treat rhythm as secondary
this approach:
treats rhythm as a primary compositional driver
bottom line
this section is really saying:
accents don’t just come from volume—they come from timing and duration
grouping is more important than time signature
asymmetry creates motion
syncopation creates emotion
rhythm can redefine structure, not just support it
and most importantly:
if you want more expressive music, stop thinking of rhythm as background—it’s one of your most powerful creative tools

